| Afghanistan |
Kabul |
1919 (independence) |
≈ 42.6 million |
Taliban (de facto) |
Authoritarian, Islamist |
| Albania |
Tirana |
1912 (independence) |
≈ 2.8 million |
Socialist Party of Albania |
Centre-left |
| Algeria |
Algiers |
1962 (independence) |
≈ 46.8 million |
FLN-aligned presidency |
Authoritarian, nationalist |
| Andorra |
Andorra la Vella |
1278 (co-principality), 1993 (constitution) |
≈ 80,000 |
Democrats for Andorra / coalitions |
Centre-right |
| Angola |
Luanda |
1975 (independence) |
≈ 37.9 million |
MPLA |
Authoritarian, nationalist |
| Antigua and Barbuda |
Saint John’s |
1981 (independence) |
≈ 100,000 |
Antigua and Barbuda Labour Party |
Centre-left |
| Argentina |
Buenos Aires |
1816 (independence) |
≈ 45.7 million |
La Libertad Avanza–aligned presidency |
Right-wing, libertarian |
| Armenia |
Yerevan |
1918 (first republic), 1991 (independence) |
≈ 2.8 million |
Civil Contract |
Centrist |
| Australia |
Canberra |
1901 (federation) |
≈ 26.7 million |
Australian Labor Party |
Centre-left |
| Austria |
Vienna |
1918 (republic), 1955 (sovereignty) |
≈ 9.1 million |
ÖVP–Green coalition |
Centre-right / Green |
| Azerbaijan |
Baku |
1918 (first independence), 1991 (post-Soviet) |
≈ 10.3 million |
New Azerbaijan Party |
Authoritarian, nationalist |